However, the coalition dissolved in 1998 following the replacement of Bolger by Jenny Shipley as Prime Minister. As leader of New Zealand First, he held the balance of power after the 1996 election and formed a coalition with the National Party, securing the positions of deputy prime minister and treasurer, the latter position created for Peters. He resigned from the National Party to form the populist party New Zealand First in 1993. He was dismissed from this post in 1991 after criticising his own Government's economic, fiscal and foreign ownership policies. Peters first served in the Cabinet as minister of Māori affairs when Jim Bolger led the National Party to victory in 1990. He has advocated benefits for senior citizens, criticised the media and "elitism", and favoured socially conservative policies. Throughout his career, he has called for more focused and restrictive immigration policies. Widely known simply as "Winston", Peters has had a long and turbulent political career since first entering Parliament following the National Party win in the 1978 general election. He is of mixed parentage, his father being Māori and his mother being of Scottish descent. Peters was born in Whangārei, and raised in Whananaki in rural Northland before attending school in Dargaville. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1979 to 1981, 1984 to 20 to 2020. Peters served as the 13th deputy prime minister of New Zealand from 1996 to 19 to 2020, the minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 20 to 2020, and the treasurer of New Zealand from 1996 to 1998. Winston Raymond Peters PC ( Māori: Winitana Pita born 11 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician who has been serving as the leader of New Zealand First since its foundation in 1993.
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